Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, cilt.47, sa.6, ss.1018-1034, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are promising biologically active materials due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. In this study, CuO NPs were synthesized using a green synthesis method employing Juglans regia L. (walnut) leaf extract under ambient conditions. A Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied within the framework of response surface methodology to optimize the synthesis process, focusing on three critical parameters: copper salt concentration, extract volume, and calcination temperature. The structural and morphological characteristics of the synthesized CuO NPs were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The antimicrobial efficacy of the CuO NPs was also assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against a range of bacterial strains, yeasts, and filamentous fungi. The findings demonstrated the successful formation of highly dispersed crystalline CuO NPs, with average crystallite sizes ranging from 13.39 to 25.26 nm. SEM analysis confirmed the presence of spherical, homogeneous NPs with an average diameter of 14 µm. The optimized synthesis conditions (0.125 M copper salt, 5% Juglans regia L. extract, and a calcination temperature of 300 °C) yielded CuO NPs with a mean crystallite size of 24.51 nm and an MFC of 113.051 µg/mL. Notably, the synthesized CuO NPs exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, with some samples demonstrating superior antifungal efficacy compared to the control antifungal antibiotic at a concentration of 125 µg/mL.