Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Collection of Materials of the II International Scientific and Practical Conference of Research and Teaching Staff and Young Scientists, Odessa, Ukrayna, 17 - 18 Ekim 2024, ss.57, (Özet Bildiri)
The small intestine is one of the tissues most affected by stress in humans and animals. Mainly because it has a direct contact with the external environment, has a very large surface area and has a dynamic mucosal structure that changes rapidly. The small intestine not only carries out digestion and absorption activities, but also provides an anatomical and physiological barrier between the external environment and the internal milieu. Absorption of solutes across the intestinal epithelium occurs either transcellularly, through the intestinal cells (enterocytes) by crossing both the apical and basolateral membranes, or paracellularly, by passing between the epithelial cells. The paracellular transport between epithelial cells is regulated by three types of junctional complexes: tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes. Junctional complexes play a crucial role in regulating paracellular transport between epithelial cells by facilitating the transfer of certain nutrients into the bloodstream while blocking pathogens and toxins; defects in these complexes can lead to disruptions in digestive processes and allow pathogens to translocate within the intestinal lumen. Stress is recognized for its harmful impact on the intestinal barrier and paracellular transport. Multiple studies on laboratory animals have shown that inducing stress leads to decreases in the gene expression of tight junction proteins. In these studies, stress appears to impact several tight junction proteins, including zonula occludens 1, claudin 1, claudin 3, and occludin. It also impacts adherens junctions, including E-catenin, α-catenin, β-catenin, and p120-catenin, with desmoglein 2 which is a desmosom. Sources of stress vary depending on the animal species and can include factors such as housing conditions, availability of food and water, climate, presence of other animals or humans, noise levels, lighting levels and transportation. Although numerous studies have been conducted with laboratory animals, research involving farm animals and pets remains limited. The molecular-level effects of stress need to be thoroughly investigated, as the resulting data will lay the foundation for developing preventive measures and strategies. These studies can also serve as models for similar human research, given that sampling intestinal tissue from healthy individuals under stress is generally not preferred