Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Analytical Letters, cilt.59, sa.4, ss.654-671, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is an environmentally friendly solid rocket propellant. In this work, a spectroscopic sensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed to directly determine ADN at sub-picomolar level, involving the aggregation of melamine (MEL)-functionalized AuNPs (MEL-AuNPs) with dinitramide anion. As a result of supramolecular salt formation between MEL and dinitramide (i.e. melaminium dinitramide) giving rise to MEL-AuNPs aggregation involving hydrogen-bonded bridges among nanoparticles, the peak pertaining to AuNPs' localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption is red-shifted to enable ADN determination. Thus, aggregation of MEL-AuNPs in the presence of ADN causes a color change from red to blue, making ADN detection possible even with the naked eye below picomolar levels. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the developed sensor for ADN were 0.013 ng L−1 (1.04 × 10−13 M) and 0.043 ng L−1, respectively. This is the lowest LOD for an ADN determination sensor ever reported. Nitramine, nitroaromatic, and nitrate ester type explosives, and even the dinitramide-containing guanylurea dinitramide (FOX-12) explosive, did not affect the proposed sensor.