Research Information System
2024 International Poultry Scientific Forum, Georgia, United States Of America, 29 - 30 January 2024, vol.1, no.1, pp.101, (Summary Text)
The aim of the study was to investigate the vitamin and mineral content of the premixes used in laying hen diets in peer-reviewed publications published in the last 15 years and to estimate premix composition and cost of premixes by using common vitamin and mineral sources to arrive at their dietary supplemented levels. The composition of 38 vitamin-mineral premixes and 22 separate vitamin and mineral premixes used in laying hen diets in published articles was studied. SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for correlation and regression analysis. The average dietary inclusion levels for vitamin-mineral, vitamin, and mineral premixes were 0.42, 0.20, and 0.18%, respectively. The most commonly included vitamins among the premixes were vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin B3 , which were present in all the premixes examined. Approximately 37%, 28%, 28%, 27%, and 27% of the premixes did not contain choline, vitamin B6 , vitamin B7 , vitamin B1 , and vitamin B9 , respectively. Manganese, Zn, and Cu were the most commonly included minerals and were used in 92%, 90%, and 85% of the premixes investigated, respectively. The lowest CV (6.5) was observed on Se levels among vitamins and minerals across premixes investigated. The highest CV in both vitamin premixes and vitamin-mineral premixes were for vitamin B12 (311) and vitamin B7 (249). Vitamin B12, Mn, choline, and menadione supplementation levels were the ones most commonly lower than dietary supplemental levels recommended by Lohmann. Vitamin E, vitamin B5 , and vitamin A had the highest average estimated cost per vitamin in vitamin premixes investigated and three of them together represented approximately 50% of the total vitamin premix cost. The costliest minerals were Zn and Fe which accounted for 40 and 22% of the average estimated total cost of mineral premixes, respectively. The highest correlations between levels of vitamin-mineral per kg/diet and levels of vitamin-mineral per kg/premix were found for Se (0.99), vitamin B12 (0.97), and vitamin B7 (0.95). In conclusion, there is quite a high variation in the composition of vitamin and mineral premixes, and the premix compositions can be predicted from dietary supplemental levels