THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY, cilt.5, sa.4, ss.237-242, 2015 (SCI-Expanded, ESCI, Scopus)
Treatment of severe and refractory manic episodes in hospital settings can occasionally be very difficult. In particular, severely excited patients showing aggressive, hostile, impulsive behaviours frequently require physical restraint and seclusion, high doses of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines, and sometimes, electroconvulsive therapy. Hospital stay is generally prolonged and such patients cause great emotional distress for other patients in the ward and clinical staff involved in their care.