Perioperatif hasta eğitiminde piktograf kullanımı: Literatür incelemesi

S-11 The Use Of Pictographs In Perioperative Patient Education: Literature Review

Eva Kajti1, Öykü Kara1, Ayfer Özbaş1

1 Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Department of Surgical Nursing 

Introduction: As the most ancient known form of written language, pictographs, also called pictograms are ‘pictorial symbols for words or phrases’ or ‘pictorial representations of statistics on a chart, graph, or computer screen’. Pictographs can have positive effects speacially in the education of children, the elderly and individuals with low education level. Method: This review aims to examine the use and effects of pictographs in perioperative patient education. By using the Turkish and English keywords “pictograph”, “pictogram”, “patient education” and “surgery”, “PubMed-Medline”, “Web of Science”, “ Ulakbim” and “Google Scholar” databases were searched and reviewed for studies published in Turkish and English languages (access date: 03.11.2022). All studies refering to the outcomes of patients in the perioperative period were included in the review. Results: A total of six articles, including two qualitative studies, two randomized controlled studies, one systematic review and one validity and reliability study, were reviewed. It was determined that patient education with pictographs, increased the patient's level of understanding the treatment and care process, the remembering of recommendations and adapting them in practice, also positively affected patient satisfaction. In the education prepared in different message formats (text, tables and pictures) to explain the postoperative pain level and analgesic pain treatment in pediatric patient groups, it was found that pictographic education conveyed the main message to the patient better than text and tables and increased the patient's compliance with the process. However the use of pictograms only without explanatory text is not recommended in patient education. Conclusion and Recommendation: Use of pictographs in perioperative patient education, provides easy understanding of medical terminological language in patient groups with low education level and health literacy, also to them who need special patient education in surgical treatment and care, such as children and the elderly. Pictographs makes it easier for them to comprehend the content of the education and apply the recommendations. In order to obtain wider and various results, except for the results presented and the groups examined in the literature; it is recommended to plan studies in which text-supported pictographic educational contents are presented in the perioperative education processes to immigrants, refugees or disabled individuals.

Keywords: Pictograph, pictogram, patient education, surgery, nursing