A fluorescent chemoprobe based on carbazole for hypochlorite with fast response: Design and its applications in test strips, water samples and living cells

Savran T., KARUK ELMAS Ş. N., Arslan F. N., Sadi G., Yilmaz I.

Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, cilt.339, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 339
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.saa.2025.126243
  • Dergi Adı: Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC, MEDLINE, Veterinary Science Database
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Carbazole, Cell-imaging, Fluorescence sensor, Hypochlorite, Water sample analysis
  • İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Adresli: Evet

Özet

Hypochlorite (ClO−) has been widely used as the main component of cleaning agents, and is also used in the treatment of disinfect water. The concentration of ClO− is critical for living organisms andthe environment. Hence, it is essential to develop reliable, sensitive and user-friendly molecular sensors to determine ClO−. In this context, the synthesized probe 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-((E)-(((E)-(9-pentyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)methylene) hydrazono) methyl) phenol (TBCP) can detect ClO− with rapid response (1 min), low detection limit (0.28 µM) and high sensitivity. Also, the sensor is utilized at wide pH range (4–10) for the determination of ClO−. TBCP showed outstanding selectivity for ClO− over other competing analytes via a fluorescent response change from colorless to orange, and its response mechanism was based on a deprotonation phenomenon. The ClO− level was successfully determined by TBCP on test kits, cotton swabs and in real samples. Fluorescent bio-imaging of ClO− in HEPG2 cells was also carried out in the presence of TBCP. Furthermore, DFT calculations were performed successfully for TBCP and TBCP + ClO− complex.