Serum Angiotensin II as a Biomarker in COVID-19
Biomarkers in Trauma, Injury and Critical Care, Rajkumar Rajendram,Victor R. Preedy,Vinood B. Patel, Editör, Springer, London/Berlin , London, ss.1-24, 2022
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2022
- Yayınevi: Springer, London/Berlin
- Basıldığı Şehir: London
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-24
- Editörler: Rajkumar Rajendram,Victor R. Preedy,Vinood B. Patel, Editör
- İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Adresli: Evet
Özet
Angiotensin II, synthesized by the cleavage of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I by renin and then conversion to angiotensin II by the angiotensin-converting enzyme, is the main effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin system. Transmembrane angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the enzyme that metabolizes angiotensin II, is the host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2, which binds to transmembrane angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, affects angiotensin II levels by causing an imbalance in the renin-angiotensin system.
Angiotensin II triggers inflammation, coagulopathy, vasculopathy, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and thrombosis through the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R). Angiotensin II is thought to contribute to pneumonia, sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, diffuse thrombosis, and multi-organ damage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Studies conducted in the preclinical and early period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) shared findings that serum angiotensin II levels increased. However, recent studies have shown an increase in circulating soluble ACE2 levels and a decrease in serum angiotensin II levels in COVID-19.
Despite conflicting results, the majority of studies have shown that decreased serum angiotensin II levels are associated with the severity, prognosis, and mortality of COVID-19. In this chapter, the relationship between COVID-19 and angiotensin II and the renin-angiotensin system was discussed in light of scientific studies conducted during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.