tRNA and their fragments as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer
Research on New Generation Tumor Markers, NOVA Publications , ss.205-227, 2018
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2018
- Yayınevi: NOVA Publications
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.205-227
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Biomarker, Cancer, tRNA, TRNA fragments
- İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Adresli: Evet
Özet
Increasing knowledge about non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) led to modifications and, ultimately, expansions of the original concept regarding cancer. These RNAs are able to distinguish cancer types and subtypes and have the potential to be biomarkers in cancers. ncRNAs are deregulated in a widespread manner in almost every type of human cancer, and the signature of RNA expression in tumors can be potentially used as biomarkers for tumor characterization and cancer prognosis. Although the evidence on this subject come mainly from mRNA and miRNA experiments, recent studies have also reported the occurrence of circulating transfer RNA (tRNA) halves in serum and plasma samples. Furthermore, their fragments were found to be deregulated in several human cancers. In addition to differential tRNA expression in cancer cells, research has shown that there are tissue-specific differences in the expression of tRNA species and coordinated expression among tRNAs decoding amino acids with similar chemical properties in distinct tissue types. Tumor cells generally express higher levels of nuclear-encoded tRNA than every tissue examined. In particularly, tRNA fragments are in blood components can be candidate markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of different types of malignancies. However, there is a need to address the level of correlation that exists between the tRNA deregulation identified in tumor tissue and circulating tRNAs. This chapter may provide an inside look at cancer diagnosis and follow-up from tRNAs perspective.