Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
5th International Eurasian Conference on Biological and Chemical Sciences (EurasianBioChem 2022) November 23-25, 2022., Ankara, Türkiye, 23 - 25 Kasım 2022, ss.148, (Özet Bildiri)
Mutations in genes are the main cause of cancer. Scientists use different methods to correct these changes in genes.
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) can manipulate the DNA of human cells like gene
editing tool. CRISPR, which is an immune response created by bacteria against viruses, has many uses today. One of
them is for the treatment of cancer, and studies have focused on editing mutated genes or eliminating carcinogenic viruses.
This system combines the CRISPR with DNA sequences and a set of Caspase proteins to identify and destroy invading
viral DNA and mutated genes. There are two basic parts of CRISPR, the guide RNA that will lead to the bind desired
DNA, and the highly preferred DNA cutting enzyme called Cas9. Guide RNA was designed to reflect the DNA of the
gene (called the target) to be edited and leads Cas9 to the target. When the CRISPR-bound guide RNA matches the DNA
of the target gene, the Cas9 enzyme cuts the desired part of DNA. The common-investigated CRISPR/Cas systems for
cancer therapy are almost based on the nucleases including Cas9, Cas12a, Cas13a and their orthologues (1). As a
conclusion CRISPR/Cas9 method in cancer research, has new perspective in treatment. Cancer immunotherapy has many
advantages over traditional therapy as let the targeted, low cytotoxicity, fast and individual cure. CRISPR-Cas9 has shown
great promise for cancer treatment in cancer immunotherapy, manipulation of cancer genome and epigenome and
elimination or inactivation of carcinogenic viral infections (2). It might be possible to directly target cancer cells, offering
the possibility to eliminate the genetic alterations leading to tumor proliferation and/or metastatic capacity (3). The newly
discovered Caspase proteins and enzymes will allow not only the treatment of cancer, but also the elimination of many
genetic diseases in the future.