Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Journal of Environmental and Natural Studies, cilt.4, sa.3, ss.260-277, 2022 (TRDizin)
Erdem, N.; Çağlayan, A.Y.; Sarı, E.N. (2022). Transformation
of Industrial Buildings to the Cultural Landscape
Journal of Environmental and Natural Studies, 4 (3), 216-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53472/jenas.
Transformation of Deserted Indastrial to the Cultural Landscape
SUMMARY
Throughout the
five thousand years of urban history, societies have continued their movement,
change and development over time in accordance with their environment, economy
and social changes. The changes and developments of cities in today's
understanding continue on a more global scale in line with the principle of
sustainability. Industrial areas are the production centers of cities. At the
beginning of the 18th century, there was a revolution due to the discovery of
steam power and especially the use of steam trains, that is, due to
technological innovations. Especially in industrial areas, which are the
production centers of cities, it has caused changes in issues such as volume,
location, capacity, workforce, transportation and infrastructure. At this
turning point, which is called the industrial revolution, industrial buildings
have transformed from small buildings to complex structures and are located on
the city periphery.A sprawling urban structure has emerged due to the
increasing population as a result of rural-urban migration events and need for
housing. Due to the rapid change in technology, the density and expansion in
the cities, the industrial areas in the city peripheries of the past remained
in the city centers and displayed an inactive appearance at the point where
they could not carry out their original tasks.
Within the scope of the study, the
concepts of industrial heritage and cultural landscape were explained and the
relations of these concepts with each other have been revealed by literature
review and discussions. It is aimed to determine the principles in bringing the
industrial heritage to the cultural landscape. In the literature study, it was
determined that the strategies to be followed in the conversion of abandoned
industrial areas differ. When evaluated within
the scope of sustainability and with a protectionist approach, industrial
structures or areas that are idle and called depressions have been accepted as
"Industrial Heritage". Today, “industrial heritage area has ceased to
be an abandoned and dysfunctional area and has entered the process of
transferring its destiny to different functions. Industrial facilities and
structures in the city center, which are seen as dysfunctional giant structures
are considered as a part of cultural heritage today. Agreements signed between
member states, meetings held with the work of international institutions and
organizations such as the "United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization" (UNESCO), "International Board of Monuments
and Sites" (ICOMOS), "International Committee for the Protection of
Industrial Heritage (TICCIH)" and with the decisions taken, the criteria
for the protection, implementation and evaluation of "Industrial Heritage"
were decided. The renovation and transformation work carried out in these areas
have gained a global scale by spreading first to England and then to European
countries.
In the study,
the concepts of industrial heritage and cultural landscape are explained and
the relations of these concepts with each other were tried to be revealed. In
addition, in the literature studies, it has been determined that the strategies
to be followed in the conversion of abandoned industrial areas differ. As a
result of the examination of the relevant studies, the selected
phenomenological approach, multi-criteria decision-making method and tissue
transplantation methods were examined, and the common points or differences
with each other were tried to be determined.
Within the Phenomenological Method
·
It is stated that the
character and qualities of monuments that are worth a lot of heritage can be
interpreted differently,
·
The landscape should
be considered as a whole,
·
The approach that the
past and the future actually exist in the present can be adopted
Within the Multi-criteria decision-making Method
·
Considering the place
as a whole,
·
Emphasizing the
historical feature,
·
Putting the cultural
landscape feature in the foreground.
Within theTissue
[di1] transplantation methods
·
Establishing a link
between the interaction of the old and the new,
·
It is stated that
historical layers should be revealed.
One of the important parameters to be considered in the determination of industrial heritage site transformation strategies has been determined as taking spatial planning and design decisions in a way that is integrated with the city's physical development and expansion policies. In the light of these parameters, the world and Turkey examples of the industrial heritage were examined, and evaluations were made.
Keywords: Industrial heritage, Renovation, Transformation, Cultural landscape, Cultural heritage
Terkedilmiş Endüstriyel Alanların Kültürel
Peyzaja Kazandırılması
ÖZ:
18. yy başlarında buhar gücünün bulunması ile bir devrim
yaşanmıştır. Özellikle kentlerin üretim merkezleri olan endüstriyel alanlarda
hacim, konum, kapasite, iş gücü, ulaşım ve alt yapı gibi konularda değişimler
olmuş, kentlerde büyük ölçekli yapılı alanlar gelişmiştir. Teknolojideki hızlı
değişim, kentlerdeki yoğunluk ve genişleme nedenleri ile geçmişin kent
çeperlerindeki endüstri alanları kent merkezlerinde kalmış, öz işlerini
gerçekleştiremedikleri noktada da atıl bir görünüm sergilemeye devam etmektedir.
Öte yandan geçmişten günümüze süregelen bu yapılar kent mekânının ve kent
hafızasının da bir parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle endüstriyel miras
alanlarının kültürel peyzaj kapsamında değerlendirilmesi durumu ortaya
çıkmaktadır.
Çalışma kapsamında endüstriyel miras ve kültürel peyzaj kavramları
açıklanmış ve bu kavramların birbirleri ile olan ilişkileri konuyla ilgili
literatür kapsamında değerlendirilip tartışılmıştır. Endüstri mirasının
kültürel peyzaja kazandırılmasındaki esasların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yapılan literatür çalışmasında terkedilmiş endüstriyel alanların
dönüştürülmesinde izlenecek stratejilerin farklılık gösterdiği tespit
edilmiştir. İlgili çalışmaların incelenmesi sonucunda, seçilen fenomenolojik
yaklaşım, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemi ve doku nakli yöntemleri incelenmiş,
birbirleri ile ortak noktaları veya farklılıkları belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
Endüstri miras alanı dönüşüm stratejilerinin belirlenmesinde dikkate alınması
gereken önemli parametrelerden biri mekânsal planlama ve tasarım kararlarının
kentin fiziksel gelişme ve yayılma politikalarıyla entegre olacak şekilde
alınması olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu parametreler ışığında endüstri mirasının
Dünya ve Türkiye örnekleri incelenerek değerlendirmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Endüstri mirası,
Yenileme, Dönüşüm, Kültürel peyzaj, Kültürel miras