Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Synergizing Sustainability for Integrated Waste Management, Alok Prasad Das,Selcan Karakuş, Editör, Springer Nature Switzerland Ag, Zürich, ss.163-190, 2026
Due to the increase in
human population, the migration of large crowds from villages to cities has
required an increase in production and this has increased consumption. The rise
in production increases the amount of industrial wastes and changes in human
consumption behavior increases the amount of domestic wastes. Petrochemical, mining, textile,
metallurgical, pharmaceutical and food industries are the leading sources of
pollution. Pollution can be released into the environment as gaseous, liquid or
solid waste. For example, if gaseous wastes contain hydrocarbon compounds, they
can cause the greenhouse gas effect. Gases containing elements such as nitrogen
or phosphorus can trigger acid rains. When contaminated water from the plants
enters water systems, it can damage the aquatic ecosystem and then the
terrestrial ecosystem. Substances such as heavy metals, dyes or pharmaceuticals
contained in wastewater can be a threat to the life of all organisms if they
get into the soil. Domestic wastes are mostly solid and contain a large
proportion of plastic and organic matter. Since it takes centuries for plastics
to dissolve in nature, they must be disposed of properly. In addition, if these
substances are mixed into water resources in micro-sized pieces, the accumulation
of plastics is observed in the metabolism of all living organisms feeding in
those water resources. Another important waste type among domestic wastes is
oil. The oil used in the cooking area should not be discharged directly into
the sewerage system but should be disposed of in a special way. To minimize the
negative effects of both factories and consumers on the environment, the first
thing to do is to reduce the amount of waste. For this purpose, more durable
and long-lasting materials should be used instead of disposable materials. The
second stage in waste management is to ensure the reuse of waste material. If
the service life of the material has expired and the possibility of reuse is
over, it is preferred to recycle the material and use it as raw material in
production. For achieving this, wastes must be separated at the source or, if
this is not possible, at gathering centers. Waste materials that cannot be
utilize in the production process are used for other purposes. For example,
many metallic wastes such as iron, aluminum, chrome and bronze etc. can be
melted down and reused. Wood wastes can be used as fuel or in the production of
items of different sizes. Considering all these, the concept of sustainability
should be taken into account for waste management and minimizing negative
impacts on the environment. Sustainability is an understanding that covers the
whole process from the planning of production to the recycling of waste in
order to protect the ecosystem on earth. Accordingly, since it is aimed to
realize production with the lowest energy requirement and to utilize wastes as
much as possible, it is ensured that the total cost is low and economic
efficiency is high.