Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, cilt.158, ss.74-103, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) in applications such as electric vehicles and renewable energy storage has increased the need for sustainable recycling solutions. Critical materials required for LiB production, face supply risks due to geopolitical and environmental constraints. Recycling end-of-life LiBs offers a way to mitigate these risks while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental hazards associated with primary production. This review offers a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the entire LiB recycling value chain, encompassing established industrial methods and emerging technologies. We critically examine pretreatment processes, pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and direct recycling routes, providing a detailed comparative assessment of their efficiency, advantages, disadvantages, and scalability relative to different cathode chemistries. Furthermore, the review highlights promising advanced recovery strategies, including the use of deep eutectic solvents and microwave-assisted methods, and critically evaluates their potential for future industrial-scale adoption. This study provides a critical resource for identifying existing capacities, fundamental technological gaps, and priority research directions aimed at advancing sustainable LiB recycling by synthesising and systematically comparing a wide range of recycling pathways. Moreover, by addressing environmental factors derived from life cycle assessment (LCA) studies across a holistic spectrum, it assesses the overall environmental impact of the aforementioned processes.