Anticancer and Immunomodulatory Effects of Colchicum Speciosum Bulb Extract on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell

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AĞTÜRK G., ORUÇ K. Y., ORUÇ A., Ege H., SEYMEN H. O.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF THERAPEUTICS, cilt.32, sa.3, ss.302-314, 2026 (ESCI, TRDizin)

Özet

Objective: Cancer is a pathophysiological condition that develops as a result of DNA damage caused by environmental mutagens and is becoming increasingly prevalent. Genetic factors, the immune system, and cytokines are reported important task the pathophysiological mechanisms of breast cancer, mostly cancer among women today. Natural plants such as Colchicum speciosum (C. speciosum) are gaining prominence in alternative therapy research due to their colchicine content and anticancer properties. Our study was conducted to evaluate the immunomodulatory and anticancer effects of C. speciosum bulb extract on MCF-7 cell. Methods: C. speciosum was harvested and extracted; then the dose ratio was determined using the MTT method, and cytotoxicity, apoptotic level, and antibacterial activity were evaluated in MCF-7 cell. Cytokine levels were measured using commercially available kits via the ELISA method, and apoptotic assessment was examined using a commercial kit containing Annexin V-FITC/PI via fluorescence microscopy. The data was analysed statistically using GraphPad Prism (v10.2.0; GraphPad Software, ABD). Results: In the MTT evaluation, a significant decrease in cell proliferation was observed in the 240 and 500 & micro;g/mL applications compared to the control group, with increasing dose rate and incubation time. The cytokine profile of C. speciosum bulb was characterized by decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1(3) and increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10), while a decrease in TGF-(31 and BDNF levels was detected depending on the applied dose. Annexin V-FITC/PI analyses demonstrated that C. speciosum bulb extract elicited dose-and time-dependent apoptotic responses in MCF-7 cell. In addition, antibacterial effects of C. speciosum bulb extract were observed. Conclusions The C. speciosum bulb was observed to have regulatory effects on cell proliferation via cytokines and apoptotic mechanisms in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Additionally, its antibacterial effect was observed independently of our findings.