Advancing Cardiac Tissue Engineering With Smart Biopolymers: From Fabrication Strategies to 4D Printing and Organoids


Radhakrishnan H. R. G., Chithamparam P., Thiagamani S. M. K., Muthukumaran A., AYRILMIŞ N.

Polymers for Advanced Technologies, vol.36, no.7, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Review
  • Volume: 36 Issue: 7
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1002/pat.70280
  • Journal Name: Polymers for Advanced Technologies
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, PASCAL, Aerospace Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, INSPEC, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Keywords: biocompatibility, biopolymers, nanoparticles, scaffold, tissue engineering
  • Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease remains a significant global cause. Heart transplantation is now the most common treatment option for advanced cardiovascular diseases. Due to the shortage of heart donors, there is a substantial demand for novel sources of cardiac regenerative medicine. The use of bioactive compounds in tissue engineering has significantly advanced the field, laying a strong foundation for future advancements. Cardiac patches could serve the purpose of both replacing and repairing damaged myocardium by adding cardiomyocyte-forming seed cells with appropriate scaffold materials. They offer short-term support to the infarcted region. Recent studies have mainly focused on restoring damaged cardiac myocytes by promoting the interaction of bioactive substances or cells with the host. This review aims to provide a critical analysis of the current state of cardiac tissue engineering advancements via 3D printing, highlighting novel applications, current state, and future aspects in the regeneration of cardiac tissue related to 4D printing with organoids.