Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Akıbekov O.(Yürütücü), Aydın A.
Diğer Ülkelerdeki Kamu Kurumları Tarafından Desteklenmiş Proje, 2024 - 2026
Trichinella can infect a broad range of vertebrates, including humans, and is characterized by an exceptionally wide geographic distribution. According to expert estimates, approximately 11 million people may be infected by this parasite. Trichinellosis is under control in European and American countries. Still, outbreaks sporadically occur in industrially developed nations and countries with medium-income levels, such as China, Argentina, and some Eastern European countries. In Kazakhstan, approximately 0.58 cases of trichinellosis per 100,000 people are reported annually; however, these figures are imprecise due to the absence of a statistical database. Over a span of 10 years, a research group conducted a study and monitored the epizootic status of trichinellosis among wild carnivores in 7 regions of the country. During this period, 155 carcasses of wild carnivores were examined. The lowest overall infection rate was recorded % in the North Kazakhstan region at 7.1%. Meanwhile, the highest percentage of total infected animals was observed in the Aktobe (33.3%), Karaganda (23.3%), and Kostanay (21.4%) regions, followed by the Akmolinsk (19.3%) and West Kazakhstan (18.2%) regions. The cumulative invasiveness among wolves, foxes, badgers, wild boars, and corsacs was 20.4%, 27%, 66.7%, and 0%, respectively. Multiplex PCR was employed for species identification, revealing that all animals were infected with T.nativa. This species is relatively rare in the territories of Europe and Asia, thus remaining insufficiently studied.
Researchers increasingly explore the immunogenicity of Trichinella excretory-secretory antigens (ES-Ag), and several genes encoding Trichinella ES-Ag have been identified and cloned. In addition to ES-Ag, recombinant proteins of Trichinella, produced in heterologous systems, are used as diagnostic antigens. For example, the 53 kDa protein, the 49 kDa protein, the 35.5 kDa protein, and the 21 kDa protein. However, the recombinant Trichinella antigens presented in the literature exhibit low sensitivity or cross-reactivity with sera from patients with paragonimiasis, cysticercosis, and echinococcosis. Most ES-Ag studies of Trichinella have been conducted with T. spiralis. T.spiralis and T.nativa are closely related gene types, complicating their species identification. However, considering that the host's immune response to both species is distinct, as demonstrated by hematological, biochemical, and immunological methods in our earlier studies, it becomes evident that the search for alternative regions/genes for highly specific species identification of T.nativa is necessary. Due to the lack of scientific data on the study of recombinant antigens using T.nativa as an example, there is a need to broaden the spectrum of alternative highly specific antigens for parasite detection in animals. According to preliminary results obtained within the framework of the project under grant funding for scientific and/or scientific-technical projects for 2022-2024 1 No. AP14870972 "Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on recombinant Trichinella spp. antigen," aminopeptidase and serine protease of T.nativa have been identified, sequenced, and studied for immunospecificity. These proteins show promising prospects in the diagnosis of trichinellosis. Fundamental and practical research on T.nativa will deepen our understanding of the invasion characteristics of this parasite and apply modern molecular methods to develop an effective and simple method for detecting trichinellosis.